Use these scale buckets mapped to physical pixels per inch: 0.75 → 120 ppi, 1 → 160 ppi, 1.5 → 240 ppi, 2 → 320 ppi, 3 → 480 ppi, 4 → 640 ppi. Convert vector-independent pixels to actual pixels with px = dp × scale factor; this gives predictable raster sizes across displays.
For concrete export sizes: a UI element defined as 48dp should be output at 36px, 48px, 72px, 96px, 144px, 192px for the 0.75–4× buckets respectively. A typical toolbar icon at 24dp becomes 18px, 24px, 36px, 48px, 72px, 96px. Keep these exact values in asset pipelines to avoid on-device scaling artifacts.
Design layouts for a baseline width of 360dp; validate at 411dp (wider phones) and 600dp (small tablets). Use density-independent measurements for spacing and typography, then provide multi-scale assets so raster content remains crisp without runtime upscaling.
Prefer vector artwork (SVG or VectorDrawable) for icons and simple graphics; supply raster fallbacks at minimum 2× and 3× for critical UI elements. For bitmap-heavy screens, export at the full 3× or 4× bucket and downscale for lower buckets to preserve detail.
DPI vs Screen Density
Provide vector icons plus raster exports at these scale factors: 1.0× (160 ppi baseline), 1.5× (240 ppi), 2.0× (320 ppi), 3.0× (480 ppi), 4.0× (640 ppi); convert units with px = dp × (ppi / 160) and generate raster assets using those exact multipliers.
Physical pixel concentration (ppi) = sqrt(width_px² + height_px²) / diagonal_in_inches. Example: a 1080×1920 panel at 5.0″ diagonal → sqrt(1080²+1920²)=2203 → 2203/5.0 ≈ 441 ppi. That value is independent from the OS scaling factor and determines perceived sharpness.
Runtime logical scaling is a small set of fixed multipliers applied to density-independent units; typical mapping: 120 ppi → 0.75×, 160 ppi → 1.0×, 240 ppi → 1.5×, 320 ppi → 2.0×, 480 ppi → 3.0×, 640 ppi → 4.0×. For a 48 dp touch target this yields pixel sizes: 36 px, 48 px, 72 px, 96 px, 144 px, 192 px respectively.
Asset rules: use vectors (SVG/VectorDrawable equivalents) for icons and UI glyphs to avoid multiple raster masters; supply raster images for photos at native photographic resolutions and export at the listed multipliers for UI bitmaps. For launcher/marketing graphics, keep a 512 px (or store-specified) master and downscale–do not upscale small rasters.
Workflow tips: calculate px values from dp with the formula above, include at least 1×, 2× and 3× raster sets when vectors are not feasible, and verify on devices/emulators by overriding the display multiplier. Human acuity guideline: beyond roughly 300 ppi at normal handset viewing distance (≈10–12 in) additional ppi yields diminishing perceived gain, so prioritize vector assets and 2×/3× raster exports over creating ultra-high-resolution bitmaps.
What DPI means for Android
Design around a 160 ppi baseline (scale = 1) and provide raster assets at 0.75×, 1×, 1.5×, 2×, 3× and 4× so interfaces render crisply across ~120, 160, 240, 320, 480, 640 ppi devices.
- Mapping to density-independent units: 1 dp = 1 px at 160 ppi. Corresponding scale multipliers: 0.75 (≈120 ppi), 1 (160 ppi), 1.5 (240 ppi), 2 (320 ppi), 3 (480 ppi), 4 (640 ppi).
- Quick conversions: multiply dp values by the scale factor to get px target sizes. Example – app bar 56 dp → 42, 56, 84, 112, 168, 224 px for the listed scales respectively.
- Launcher and system icon targets (px): prepare bitmaps at 48→36,48,72,96,144,192 for a 48 dp baseline; also include a vector alternative for scalable delivery.
Asset export recommendations:
- Prefer vector formats for icons and UI glyphs; export raster at each multiplier when vector is unsupported or when photographic detail is required.
- When exporting bitmaps, bake at the largest needed dimension (×4) and downscale to avoid interpolation artifacts; check sharpness at intermediate scales.
- Include an XML vector or SVG where possible to reduce APK weight and ensure perfect scaling for unusual pixel concentrations.
How to calculate physical pixels per inch for a device:
- Use formula: ppi = sqrt(width_px² + height_px²) / diagonal_in_inches.
- Example: 1080 × 1920 on a 5.0″ diagonal → sqrt(1080²+1920²)/5. If you’re ready to see more info in regards to 1xbet download ph look into our own web-page. 0 ≈ 440.6 ppi (maps to the ×3 group).
Testing tips:
- Use emulator profiles set to the target ppi or specify custom resolution/diagonal to validate layout at exact multipliers.
- Check touch targets and typography at the smallest and largest effective scales to ensure legibility and tappable areas remain within guidelines (minimum touch target ≈ 48 dp → convert to px for each multiplier).
- For photographic backgrounds, serve appropriately sized images per multiplier to balance visual quality and bandwidth.